What is macular degeneration?

Age related macular degeneration is an eye disease that causes changes to the central vision and irreversible vision loss.

The two biggest risk factors for macular degeneration are age and genetics (it can run in families). Neither of these are things we can control. However, there are a few modifiable risk factors.

• UV protection: Macular Degeneration is more common in folks with lighter skin, hair, and eyes because these characteristics are more vulnerable to UV damage from the sun. It is recommended that you wear hats and sunglasses as frequently as possible when outside.

• Tobacco: Smokers are up to 4 times more likely to develop macular degeneration. We understand that quitting is extremely hard, but your eyes and vision are worth it.

• Nutrition: The macula needs two special nutrients to function: lutein and zeazanthin. These are found in your leafy greens like spinach and kale and other vegetables like green peas, summer squash, brussel sprouts, broccoli, and asparagus. There are also over the counter supplements you can take with these nutrients. 

There are two subtypes of macular degeneration: dry and wet.

• Dry macular degeneration occurs when there is an accumulation of deposits called drusen in the macula. It does not have a cure. At this stage of the disease, your optometrist may recommend an over the counter vitamin like AREDs2. They may also give you an Amsler Grid to monitor your vision at home. 

• Wet macular degeneration occurs when the accumulation of drusen in the macula causes a break in the retina. New blood vessels begin to infiltrate the macula and bleeding occurs. At this stage of the disease, your optometrist will likely refer you to an ophthalmologist to receive injections to reduce the creation of new blood vessels in the macula. They may also give you an Amsler Grid to monitor your vision at home. 

It is the standard of care that patients who have macular degeneration have a dilated eye exam at least once a year. Additionally, your optometrist may recommend that you have retinal photos, a scan or the macula, and/or a visual field test to monitor the progression of the condition.